Allah Is Pure Of Jiha (Direction) Being Pointed Towards Him
LAST UPDATE: 17/NOVEMBER/2015
Allah Is Pure Of Jiha (Direction) Being Pointed Towards Him
CONTENTS:
PART 1: VIDEOS
PART 2: BOOKS
PART 3: ARTICLES
PART 1: VIDEOS
URDU VIDEO: 0001 Zakir Naik falsely claims that
Allah(swt) is physically above #URDU | Duration: 8mins 45secs
ENGLISH VIDEO: Aqeeda Of The Salaf -The Facts (Part 5) -
Where Is Allah | 43 MINUTES
ENGLISH VIDEO: Does Allah have a 'Shin'_ - Shaykh Dr.
Abul Hasan Hussain Ahmed | 15 MINUTES
PART 2: BOOKS
ENGLISH BOOK: The Refutation of him who attributes direction
to Allah [Al Raddu ala Man Qala bil Jiha] By Qadi Ibn Jahbal Al-Kilabi [d.
733/1333] | Translated By Dr. G.F Haddad | PAGES: 352
DOWNLOAD SCANNED VERSION: https://archive.org/details/AlRaddualaManQalaBilJihaByIbnJahbalAlKilabiTrans.G.FHaddad
Description from the publisher:
This short theological tract, Fi Nafi al-Jiha, or On Denying Direction to God, by the Ashari theologian and celebrated Shafi’i jurist, Qadi Ibn Jahbal (d. 733/1333), is a clinical rebuttal of the controversial fatwa, the Aqida Hamawiyya, penned by his legendary contemporary, Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328). It is considered, rightly, a classic manifesto of anti-literalism, which will be an indispensable reference for advanced students of Islamic theology, other professional theologians, and modern academics needing primary source materials in English or a source book on the controversies surrounding Ibn Taymiyya’s theology.
Muhammad Afifi al-Akiti
Research Fellow in Islamic Theology,
Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, Oxford University
The learned Dr. Gibril Fouad Haddad merits the rewards of the one who corrects the errors which crept into some minds in the Ummah, reminding them once again of the saving, mainstream discourse of the Ummah in the understanding of the most fundamental matters of the faith, guaranteed by Allah to exist until the end of time. May Allah reward him most abundantly for his enterprise.
His translation of Ibn Jahbal al-Kilabi’s al-Raddu ‘ala Man Qala bil-Jiha is elegant and accurate, marked by a strong sense of spiritual propriety toward the scholarly personages of the Ummah. The copious notes are illuminating. It will be one of the most important books on this subject for many decades to come, Allah willing. The publisher is to be congratulated for bringing out a work of such sterling scholarly merits.
Muhammad ‘Uthman El-Muhammady
Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) International Islamic University Malaysia
ARABIC BOOK: Rafa Al Ishtabah by Imam Yusuf Al Nibhani |
PAGES: 114
Imam Yusuf reproduced this important treaty as a chapter
in one of his book by name: “Shawahid al-Haq”, the following is the urdu
translation of it:
URDU TRANSLATION: Of
Al- Nabhani’s “Shawahid al-Haq” | Pages: 648
URDU BOOK: Qawariy Al Qahhar Ala Al-Mujassimat Al Fajjar
By Imam Ala Hadhrat | Pages: 83
ENGLISH BOOK: ALLAH is pure of Jiha (direction) being
pointed towards Him! By Brother Aamir Ibrahiim | Pages: 61
ARABIC BOOK: Qawl al Tamam on Tafweed By Shaykh Dr. Sayf al-Asri of Yemen | Pages: 491
This is the most detailed work on the issue of
understanding the Attributes (Sifat) of Allah via the means of Tafwid of the
kayfiyya (howness) and ma’na (meaning) by Shaykh Dr. Sayf al-Asri of Yemen. The work has been
endorded by the late Senior Aqida specialist – Shaykh Wahbi ibn Sulayman
Ghawiji (d. Feb. 2013, rahimahullah) of Damascus, Mufti Taqi Uthmani of
Pakistan, Dr Yusuf al Qaradawi of Egypt and others. It showed via means of more
than 100+ quotations from early Islam right down to this age how to understand
the Attributes of Allah as the Salaf and their successors from the Khalaf understood
it.
It is the best work to date in refutation of the claims
of Ibn Taymiyya and his followers in this age who deny Tafwid of the Ma’na
(meaning) as the way of the Salaf. This second edition also contains replies to
some contemporary pseudo-Salafis that attempted to rebut the findings of Shaykh
al-Asri (see the appendix) in his al-Qawl al Tamam bi Ithbati Tafwid Madhhaban
lil Salaf al Kiram:
Imam al-Dhahabi (d. 748 AH) on Tafwid al-Ma’na:
He mentioned in his Siyar a’lam an-Nubala (8/105):
“Our saying in this and what falls under it is:
Submission to the text, passing it on as it came and consigning the knowledge
of its meaning (tafwidh ma’nahu) to its Sacrosanct and Truthful Sayer.”
He also said in his Siyar a’lam an-Nubala (14/376):
“As for the Salaf (three earliest Muslim generations),
then they did not delve into interpretation (of the Attributes), but rather
they believed, refrained, and consigned the knowledge of that to Allah and His
Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wa sallam).”
ENGLISH BOOK: CONCERNINGTHEPRINCIPLE: DETAILED AFFIRMATIONANDGENERALNEGATION
OFTHEDIVINEATTRIBUTES by ShaykhSa‘idFoudah | Pages: 5
ENGLISH BOOK: Allah-Neither Inside of His Creation nor Outside of it
By ShaykhIbnal-Jawzīal-Hanbalī | Pages: 2
ENGLISH BOOK: What is Meant When We Say Allah is Above
What He Created By Imām Ibn Fūrāk al-Shāfi’ī | Pages: 2
ENGLISH BOOK: Ascribing a Place to Allah By Imam Ibn Hazm
| Pages:2
ENGLISH BOOK: Fatwa of the scholars of al-Azhar regarding
the one who believes that Allah settles in created things or that He has a
direction | Pages: 14
ENGLISH BOOK: Istawa according to the Salaf and the
Khalaf By Imam `Ali al-Qari | Pages:2
ENGLISH BOOK: Setting the
Record Straight on Tafwīḍ By Shaykh al-Azharī | Pages: 3
ENGLISH BOOK: On Tafwid and Ta`wil By Imam Jalaluddin
al-Suyuti | Pages: 2
ENGLISH BOOK: Commentary on the
Ḥadīth: Where is Allah? By Imām Sharaf al-Dīn al-Nawawī | Pages: 3
ENGLISH BOOK: Allāh exists
without place or direction By Mufti `Alī Jumu`ah | Pages: 3
PART 3: ARTICLES
The Hadīth of the Mountain-Goats by GF Haddad
Allah's Establishment Over the Throne
Istiwa’ is a Divine Act
Interpreting Allah's Words "He Who is in the
Heaven"
Interpreting the Hadith "Where is Allah? -- In the
Heaven"
The "Book Written Above the Throne"
Ibn Hajar's Commentary on the Meaning of `Arsh
Interpreting Allah's "Descent" and the "Ascent"
of Good Words to Him
Ibn Hajar's Commentary on the Hadith of Descent
Ahl al-Sunna Refutations of Those Who Attribute a
Direction to Allah
Ibn al-`Arabi al-Maliki's Refutation of the mujassima in the
Commentary on the Hadith of Descent
IS IT PERMISSIBLE FOR A MUSLIM TO BELIEVE THAT ALLAH IS
IN THE SKY IN A LITERAL SENSE? Q-News © Nuh Ha Mim Keller 1995
"ALLAH IS NOW AS HE EVER WAS"
THE HADITH OF ALLAH'S
"DESCENT" By Dr. G. F. Haddad
Ibn Taymiyya's Literal Representation of Allah's
"Descent"
Ibn Taymiyya Compares Allah to the Moon in his infamous
`Aqida wasitiyya
MUHAMMAD AL-GHAZALI (b. 1917) ON IBN TAYMIYYA by Dr.
Ahmad Hijazi al-Saqqa
(Regarding Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Qayyim, Ibn `Uthaymeen)
Ibn Taymiyyah Descending Down the Minbar
Q: "Where is Allah?"
Abu Bakr al-Baqillaniyy
Wahhabis Believe: Allah is in Place and Time
"The Top of the Minaret is closer to Allah than it's
Bottom" ?
"Salafi" forgeries/manipulations by Sh. G. F.
Haddad
Wahhabi Contention: Wahhabis claim that Abu Hanifa said,
“Allah is in the sky.” http://mrehan786.blogspot.in/2015/07/wahhabi-contention-wahhabis-claim-that.html
Q & A: If Allah is not above then why did Prophet go
up to meet his Lord?
Bodies have limits but not Allaah
More wahabi arguments for Allaah having a direction
Wahabi contention: Maalik says Allaah has a how
Wahabi contention: Aļļaah is above the Arsh, but we do
not say He is a body
Wahabi claims Pharaoh’s saying
RELATED TO THE DEVIANT BELIEF THAT ALL SCRIPTURE TEXTS
SHOULD BE UNDERSTOOD LITERALLY
Sunnis believe that scripture texts must be understood in
agreement with the Arabic language, Wahabis believe it should all be understood
literally. This is strongly related to their belief that Aļļaah has bodily
attributes:
Literalism and the Attributes of Allah by Nuh Ha Mim
Keller
THE METHOD OF AHL AL-SUNNA TOUCHING ON THE DIVINE
ATTRIBUTES
Method of the True Salaf Regarding Ambiguities
Al-Khattabi on the Priority of Avoiding tashbih For Both the Salaf and the Khalaf
Al-Buti's Recapitulation of the Two Methods:The Non-Specific
ta'wil of the Salaf, the Specific ta'wil of the Khalaf, and the impermissibility
of Imposing One Over the Other In his landmark study of the "Salafi"
innovation entitled al-Salafiyya marhalatun zamaniyyatun mubarakatun la madhhabun
islami (The Salafiyya is a blessed historical period, not a school of law in
Islam)
Wahhabi Contention: Asharis contradict themselves by
affirming some attributes and not affirming other attributes
Wahhabi
Contention: How are “Ar Rahmanu `alal `arsh istawa” and “Laysaka mithlihi shay`”
different?
On Ta’teel and Tafwid
Q & A: Figures of Speech
Q&A about the words “hand” and “face.”
ARABIC BOOK: Qawl al Tamam on Tafweed By Shaykh Dr. Sayf al-Asri of Yemen | Pages: 491
ENGLISH BOOK: Setting the
Record Straight on Tafwīḍ By Shaykh al-Azharī | Pages: 3
ENGLISH BOOK: On Tafwid and Ta`wil By Imam Jalaluddin
al-Suyuti | Pages: 2
INSHA’ALLAH IN FUTURE I WILL ADD MORE
INFO ON IT
MAY ALLAH(SWT) GRANT US THE DEEDAR E
MUSTAFA(PEACE BE UPON HIM) BA HALT E BEDARI! AMIIN!
COMPILED BY: MUHAMMAD REHAN SIDDIQUI
Facebook Profile: http://www.facebook.com/mrehan15
ISLAMIC SITE: http://www.mrehan786.blogspot.com
Istawa (Establishment) and Nazul (Descent) of Allah
Existence of Lord Almighty is a widely discussed reality amongst people around the world (Muslims and non-Muslims alike). There are four types of people in this regard.
a) Some deny Him without proper investigation (i.e. atheists)
b) Many make co-sharers with Him (like Christians, Hindus, etc...)
c) And many believe in His Oneness (i.e. Muslims, Knowledgeable Jews, Knowledgeable Sikhs, Unitarian Christians etc...)
d) However there are some who strictly but falsely claim to be protectors and right advocators of His Oneness (tawhid) like Jews and the so called “reformers of Islam (Salafis)”. But if we take a close look at their beliefs we will find many similarities, for example seating the Lord literally upon on throne [Ibn Taymiyya said in his Fatawa: "The establishment of Allah over the Throne is real, and the servant's establishment over the ship is real (وللّه ـ تعالى ـ استواء على عرشه حقيقة، وللعبد استواء على الفلك حقيقة،) [Majmu` al-Fatawa, (5/199)].
The fourth category believes Him to have "literal hands, shins, legs, eyes, Allah literally laughs, Allah runs (i.e. does jogging - this is not sarcasm because Ibn Uthaymeen the leading Salafi authority has accepted this in literal sense) etc…" [Refer to Saudi Published English translation of Qur'an by Muhsin Khan/Hilali under Surah Aali Imran (3:73) or Page # 81] This is something which is main belief of Literalists and they propagate that Istawa al-al Arsh mentioned in Qur'an is to be taken literally, and the descent of Lord (ينزل ربنا) mentioned in hadith along with him being in the sky (fi as-Sam'a) is also to be taken apparently.
They declare Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'h as people of Bidah because we give figurative explanation which suits Allah’s Majesty. Amongst the fundamental proofs which literalists cite are:
1) Istawa al-al Arsh and Salafi deception
We would like to start by exposing the deliberate fabrication/corruption to Tafsir Ibn Kathir done by none other than Salafis. Remember they propagate this tafsir the most by corrupting it's translation whereas in reality the original text goes against them on many crucial Aqida issues. With the Grace of Allah and indeed Allah is the best of planners, He made Hafidh Ibn Kathir (rah) destroy the literalistic ideology right under Tafsir of Surah al-Aa'raf Verse # 54. The anthropomorphists after finding no leave-way (excuse) had no option but to forge/fabricate/corrupt the English translation published by their leading publishing house i.e. Dar us Salam, Najd (Riyadh) Saudi Arabia.
Qur'an states (7:54):
إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ فِى سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ ٱسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى ٱلْعَرْشِ يُغْشِى ٱلَّيْلَ ٱلنَّهَارَ يَطْلُبُهُۥ حَثِيثًا وَٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ وَٱلنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَٰتٍۭ بِأَمْرِهِۦٓ ۗ أَلَا لَهُ ٱلْخَلْقُ وَٱلْأَمْرُ ۗ تَبَارَكَ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ
Translation: Indeed your Lord is Allah Who created the heavens and the earth in six days (in the manner befitting His Majesty), THEN HE DID ISTAWA (AS IT BEFITS HIS MAJESTY); He covers the night with the day, which hastily follows it. He created the sun, the moon, and the stars, (all) governed by laws under His command. Is it not His to create and to govern? Blessed be Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds! [Al-Qur'an (7:54) - Translation taken with care from variety of analytical translations]
The great scholar of Ahlus Sunnah i.e. Imam Ahmed Reza Khan Fadhil of Baraili (rah) has kept this Mutashabih (allegorical) verse intact without translating word "ISTAWA" into Urdu or any other language. This is indeed the main belief of us Ahlus Sunnah i.e. we leave the verses as they are (not as Salafis perceive that leaving them as they were means taking literal meaning Naudhobillah). We can go in length to prove Tafwidh (attributing the meaning only to Allah without taking literal meaning) but the point here is to prove the Salafi fabrication.
First let us look at the Arabic passage of what Imam al Hafidh Ibn Kathir (rah) actually said:
قال الإمام ابن كثير في التفسير القران العظيم
: تفسير:{ثُمَّ ٱسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى ٱلْعَرْشِۚ} فللناس في هذا المقام مقالات كثيرة جداً ليس هذا موضع بسطها وإنما نسلك في هذا المقام مذهب السلف الصالح مالك والأوزاعي والثوري والليث بن سعد والشافعي وأحمد بن حنبل وإسحاق بن راهويه وغيرهم من أئمة المسلمين قديماً وحديثاً وهو إمرارها كما جاءت من غير تكييف ولا تشبيه ولا تعطيل والظاهر المتبادر إلى أذهان المشبهين منفي عن الله لا يشبهه شيء من خلقه و{لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِۦ شَىْءٌۖ وَهُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْبَصِيرُ
Original Translation:
{Then He did Istawa (As it befits His Majesty) upon the Throne"} People have "TOO MANY POSITIONS ON THIS MATTER AND THIS IS NOT THE PLACE TO PRESENT THEM AT LENGTH" [فللناس في هذا المقام مقالات كثيرة جداً ليس هذا موضع بسطها] On this point, we follow the position of the righteous early Muslims (Salaf) i.e. Imam Malik, Imam al-Awza‘i, Imam Sufyan ath-Thawri, Imam Layth ibn Sa‘d, Imam ash-Shaf’i, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Imam Ishaq ibn Rahawayh, as well as others among the Imams of the Muslims, past and present—(namely) "TO LET IT PASS AS IT HAS COME WITHOUT SAYING HOW IT IS MEANT"[، وهو إمرارها كما جاءت من غير تكييف], without any resemblance (to created things), and without nullifying it (wa la ta‘til):"THE OUTWARD (LITERAL)" meaning that comes to the minds of anthropomorphists is negated of Allah[والظاهر المتبادر إلى أذهان المشبهين منفي عن الله] for nothing created has any resemblance to Him: {"There is nothing whatsoever like unto Him, and He is the All-hearing, the All-seeing" (Qur’an 42:11)} [Tafsir Ibn Kathir Under 7:54]
VS
Salafi fabrication
Please note at the blue highlighted parts above and the red highlighted parts below in Salafi translation:
Salafi fabrication: (and then He rose over (Istawa) the Throne) the people had severalconflicting opinions over its meaning. However, we follow the way that our righteous predecessors took in this regard, such as Malik, Al-Awza`i, Ath-Thawri, Al-Layth bin Sa`d, Ash-Shafi`i, Ahmad, Ishaq bin Rahwayh and the rest of the scholars of Islam, in past and present times. Surely, we accept the apparent meaning of, Al-Istawa, without discussing its true essence, equating it (with the attributes of the creation), or altering or denying it (in any way or form). We also believe that the meaning that comes to those who equate Allah with the creation is to be rejected, for nothing is similar to Allah. [Taken from www.tafsir.com which has been down now so you can check in hard copy of Tafsir Ibn Kathir published by Dar us Salaam, Najd (Riyadh), Saudi Arabia]
With the Grace of Allah ever since we refuted them on this point their www.tafsir.com website has been down, which contained the fabricated tafsir published by Dar us Salam.
Forgery # 1: Ibn Kathir (rah) has nowhere said that there are several "CONFLICTING"opinions over it's meaning. The word conflicting is concocted by translator without putting it in brackets, this they have done to confuse people about what Imam Ibn Kathir (rah) had actually said.
Forgery # 2: Then they cunningly attributed a lie to Ibn Kathir by saying: "Surely, we accept the apparent meaning of, Al-Istawa" ... Audhobillah Min Dhalik !! whereas Ibn Kathir (rah) is actually saying: TO LET IT PASS AS IT HAS COME WITHOUT SAYING HOW IT IS MEANT"[ وهو إمرارها كما جاءت من غير تكييف], nowhere does he say that we accept the"APPARENT MEANING". Where have the salafis taken the word "APPARENT" from? This is an extreme corruption to the text. If you read the next part carefully you will realize that Hafidh Ibn Kathir (rah) is actually rejecting the "APPARENT/DHAHIR" meaning.
Forgery # 3: This one is most important! they said: "We also believe that the meaning that comes to those who equate Allah" whereas Ibn Kathir (rah) is actually saying: "THE OUTWARD (LITERAL)" meaning that comes to the minds of anthropomorphists is negated of Allah[، والظاهر المتبادر إلى أذهان المشبهين منفي عن الله]. The Salafis cleverly removed the wording "OUTWARD MEANING (الظاهر المتبادر)" from in between to put dust in eyes of people that actually apparent/dhahir meaning is to be taken (Naudhobillah)
May Allah protect unaware Muslims from the fabrications/tampering of Islamic literature done by Salafis.
We would like to settle the score on issue of "إمرارها كما جاءت من غير تكييف" once and for all
We would like to settle the score on issue of "إمرارها كما جاءت من غير تكييف" once and for all
In regards to "To Allow them to pass as they have come" the Salaf said (contrary to Salafi propagation):
حدثنا أبو سعيد أحمد بن محمد بن زياد قال: حدثنا أبو حفص عمر بن مدرك القاضي قال: حدثنا الهيثم بن خارجة قال: حدثنا الوليد بن
مسلم قال: سألت الأوزاعي والثوري ومالك بن أنس، والليث بن سعد : عن الأحاديث التي فيها الصفات؟ فكلهم قال: أمروها كما جاءت بلا تفسير .
Translation: Waleed bin Muslim (rah) said that he asked Imam al Awzai, Imam ath-Thawri (rah), Imam Malik bin Anas (rah), Imam Layth bin Saad (rah) about the "HADITHS OF SIFAAT" all of them said: They are allowed to pass "WITHOUT TAFSEER" [Al-Shariah by Imam al Ajri (7/104)]
Others said: Bila Kayfiyyah i.e. without saying how it is meant [Asma wa Sifaat of Imam al Bayhaqi (1/608)]
Imam Sufyan bin Uyayna (rah) said: All that Allah described Himself with in the Glorious Qur'an then "ITS RECITATION IS IT'S INTERPRETATION. There is no Kayfia (asking how it's meant) nor likeness (tamtheel or tashbeeh) [As-Sifaat” by Imam al Daraqutni, Page # 70]
The Istawa part of this article is about to be concluded and in the end we should all read the magnificent Tafsir of Imam al-Qurtubi al-Ash'ari (rah) under Qur'an 3:7. All people should read the following beautiful verse of Glorious Qur'an which outlines the belief on Muhkam (Simple and order giving verses) and Mutashabih (allegorical) verses
Qur'an states:
هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ عَلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِنْهُ ءَايَٰتٌ مُّحْكَمَٰتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَٰبِهَٰتٌ ۖ فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَٰبَهَ مِنْهُ ٱبْتِغَآءَ ٱلْفِتْنَةِ وَٱبْتِغَآءَ تَأْوِيلِهِۦ ۗ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُۥٓ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ ۗ وَٱلرَّٰسِخُونَ فِى ٱلْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦ كُلٌّ مِّنْ عِندِ رَبِّنَا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّآ أُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْأَلْبَٰبِ
Translation: He it is Who has revealed the Book to you; some of its verses are decisive, they are the basis of the Book, “AND OTHERS ARE ALLEGORICAL”; then as for those in whose hearts there is perversity they follow the part of it which is allegorical, seeking to mislead and seeking to give it (their own) interpretation. But none knows its interpretation except Allah, and those who are firmly rooted in knowledge say: We believe in it, it is all from our Lord; and none do mind except those having understanding. [Translation by Shakir: Surah Aali Imraan (3:7)]
Imam al-Qurtubi (Rahimahullah) writes under it:
قال شيخنا أبو العباس رحمة الله عليه: متبِعو المتشابه لا يخلو أن يتبعوه ويجمعوه طلباً للتشكيك في القرآن وإضلالِ العوامّ، كما فعلته الزنادقة والقرامِطة الطاعنون في القرآن؛ أو طلباً لاعتقاد ظواهر المتشابه، كما فعلته المجسِّمة الذِين جمعوا ما في الكتاب والسنة مما ظاهره الجِسمية حتى اعتقدوا أن البارىء تعالى جسم مجسم وصورة مصوّرة ذات وجه وعين ويد وجنب ورجل وأصبع، تعالى الله عن ذلك؛ أو يتبعوه على جهة إبداء تأويلاتها وإيضاح معانيها، أو كما فعل صبِيغ حين أكثر على عمر فيه السؤال. فهذه أربعة أقسام:
الأوّل: لا شك في كفرهم، وأن حكم الله فيهم القتل من غير استتابة.
الثاني: (الصحيح) القول بتكفيرهم، إذا لا فرق بينهم وبين عباد الأصنام والصور، ويستتابون فإن تابوا وإلا قتلوا كما يفعل بمن ارتدّ.
الثالث: اختلفوا في جواز ذلك بناء على الخلاف في جواز تأويلها. وقد عرف أنّ مذهب السلف ترك التعرّض لتأويلها مع قطعهم باستحالة ظواهرها، فيقولون أمِرّوها كما جاءت. وذهب بعضهم إلى إبداء تأويلاتها وحملِها على ما يصح حمله في اللسان عليها من غير قطع بتعيين مجمل منها.
الرابع: الحكم فيه الأدب البليغ، كما فعله عمر بصبيغ
Translation: The Exalted said: {As for those in whose hearts there is perversity they follow the part of it which is allegorical, seeking to mislead and seeking to give it (their own) interpretation.}
Our Shaykh, Abul Abbas (Rahimuhullah) said: Furthermore, the followers of the allegorical verses (mutashabih) are not free from:Following it and collecting it, seeking to raise doubts in the Qur’an and (seeking to) misguide the laymen as done by the Zanadiqah (deviants), the Qaramitah, and the refuters of the Quran. Or seeking to believe in the "Outward (Zawahir)" meanings of the mutashabih as done by the Mujasmiya (those who give physical body to Allah), those who collected from the Quran and Sunnah whatever gave a physical meaning when taken literally (dhahir).
To the extent that they believed that the Creator is a physical body and a fashioned form, possessing a face and other things: hand, eye, side and finger.Exalted is Allah from that, with the most Supreme Exaltation. Or they sought out these (mutashabih) with a view to manifest its interpretations and clarify its meanings. Or (they did) like Subaygh when he asked ‘Umar about them (the mutashabih) excessively.
So there are four categorical (verdicts) on them
The First: There is no doubt about their disbelief (kufr) and that the judgment of Allah concerning them is execution without even asking them to repent.
The Second: The most sound (opinion) is to make takfīr on them (to consider them to be kafirs), since there is no difference between them and worshippers of idols and images. And they should be asked to repent. Thereafter, either they’ll repent, or if not, they should be executed as is done to an apostate (murtad).
The Third: There is a difference of opinion concerning that (action) based upon the difference of opinion in the permissibility of (various) interpretations. And it is known that the madhhab of the Salaf (pious predecessors) was to leave the undertaking of interpreting them while being certain that the literal meaning (Zawahir) was impossible. So they would say, “Let it pass as it came!” And some of them (the Salaf) took the madhhab of manifesting its interpretations by interpreting it with meanings consistent with the (Arabic) tongue without definitively confirming a specific possible meaning.
The Fourth: The judgment for him is to be taught a profound lesson as Amir ul Momineen Umar ibn al Khattab did to Subaygh [Tafsir ul Qurtubi under 3:7]
So there are four categorical (verdicts) on them
The First: There is no doubt about their disbelief (kufr) and that the judgment of Allah concerning them is execution without even asking them to repent.
The Second: The most sound (opinion) is to make takfīr on them (to consider them to be kafirs), since there is no difference between them and worshippers of idols and images. And they should be asked to repent. Thereafter, either they’ll repent, or if not, they should be executed as is done to an apostate (murtad).
The Third: There is a difference of opinion concerning that (action) based upon the difference of opinion in the permissibility of (various) interpretations. And it is known that the madhhab of the Salaf (pious predecessors) was to leave the undertaking of interpreting them while being certain that the literal meaning (Zawahir) was impossible. So they would say, “Let it pass as it came!” And some of them (the Salaf) took the madhhab of manifesting its interpretations by interpreting it with meanings consistent with the (Arabic) tongue without definitively confirming a specific possible meaning.
The Fourth: The judgment for him is to be taught a profound lesson as Amir ul Momineen Umar ibn al Khattab did to Subaygh [Tafsir ul Qurtubi under 3:7]
If Salafis read this tafsir carefully they will be sure of their Imaan to be on wrong side. Plus even their interpretation of Salaf as-Saliheen's viewpoint is also wrong because Salaf as Saliheen just left the Mutashabih verses “WITHOUT TAKING LITERAL MEANING WHICH IS IMPOSSIBLE TO TAKE AT FIRST PLACE AS RIGHTLY SAID BY IMAM AL-QURTUBI (RAH)”
2) Hadith of the Slave girl
The Hadith of Muawiya ibn al-Hakam: He (the Holy Prophet) said: Bring her to me. So I brought her to him. He said to her: Where is Allah? She said: He is in the heaven(fi al sama') He said: Who am I? She said: Thou art the Messenger of Allah. He said: Grant her freedom, she is a believing woman. (Muslim: Book 4, Hadith# 1094)
From this hadith they conclusively derive that ALLAH is literally in the sky as it is approved by Prophet (Peace be upon him) himself thus they make it part of their aqida and whosoever differs to them becomes a bidati/Jahimi etc… However their reasoning is not only false but also idiotic. Let’s see how
a) First of all the hadith is only ahad (singular and cannot be used for aqida) with this chain of narrators
b) Secondly, there are overwhelming Quranic verses and hadiths with multiple chains of narrators which if taken literally prove their understanding false therefore even if the classification of hadith as ahad is not accepted still the hadith cannot be taken literally at any cost. [Note: This rule will also apply to other verses and ahadith which salafis take literally too]
c) Thirdly, in Sharh of this hadith Imam an Nawawi (rah) the leading commentator of Sahih Muslim has given figurative explanation (according to Literalists the Ash'aris are Ahlul Bidah for giving figurative explanation, so this false fatwa of them applies on Imam Nawawi too, let alone Ibn Hajr al Asqalani and many other great scholars)
**Proof for (a) i.e. Hadith is ahad**
This version (where is Allah, in the sky) only comes from Muwaiya ibn al Hakam (ra) via the route of At'a bin Yassar thus is therefore ahad, It is fundamental principle that “AHAD NARRATIONS” cannot be taken as conclusive proof over “Aqida issues”
**Proof for (b) i.e. Ayahs and sahih ahadith which if taken literally will prove the above wording of hadith completely false**
This version (where is Allah, in the sky) only comes from Muwaiya ibn al Hakam (ra) via the route of At'a bin Yassar thus is therefore ahad, It is fundamental principle that “AHAD NARRATIONS” cannot be taken as conclusive proof over “Aqida issues”
**Proof for (b) i.e. Ayahs and sahih ahadith which if taken literally will prove the above wording of hadith completely false**
Quran states: It was We Who created man, and We know what dark suggestions his soul makes to him: for We are nearer to him than (his) jugular vein.(50:16)
Our dear Salafis turn towards figurative explanation of ALLAH's closeness and say He is close "By his knowledge only" and they run towards aqwaal of different ulama on this (i.e. hypocrisy in simple words)
Quran states: To Allah belong the east and the West: "WHITHERSOEVER YE TURN, THERE IS PRESENCE OF ALLAH" For Allah is all-Pervading, all-Knowing.(Yusuf Ali 2:115)
The Literalists will die but never believe ALLAH's presence to be "Wheresoever we turn" and they will turn towards figurative interpretation! Please note that word "WAJH" has been used here and Wajh in Qur'an when used for Allah refers to his complete Entity, presence, dominion and sultanate.
Hadith in Sahih Bukhari states: Volume 1, Book 12, Number 720:
Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The Prophet saw expectoration in the direction of the Qibla of the mosque while he was leading the prayer, and scratched it off. After finishing the prayer, he said, "Whenever any of you is in prayer he should know that Allah is in front of him.So none should spit in front of him in the prayer."
Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The Prophet saw expectoration in the direction of the Qibla of the mosque while he was leading the prayer, and scratched it off. After finishing the prayer, he said, "Whenever any of you is in prayer he should know that Allah is in front of him.So none should spit in front of him in the prayer."
Note: Ibn Taymiyyah is known to have compared existance of Allah to that of "moon and sun" while explaining this hadith i.e Allah azza Wajjal is infront of us just like Sun and Moon come in-front of us (Audhobillah Min Dhalik)
Proof for (c) i.e. Sharh of Imam an-Nawawi (rah) on the same hadith
هذا الحديث من أحاديث الصفات , وفيها مذهبان تقدم ذكرهما مرات في كتاب الإيمان . أحدهما : الإيمان به من غير خوض في معناه , مع اعتقاد أن الله تعالى ليس كمثله شيء وتنزيهه عن سمات المخلوقات . والثاني تأويله بما يليق به , فمن قال بهذا قال : كان المراد امتحانها , هل هي موحدة تقر بأن الخالق المدبر الفعال هو الله وحده , وهو الذي إذا دعاه الداعي استقبل السماء كما إذا صلى المصلي استقبل الكعبة ؟ وليس ذلك ; لأنه منحصر في السماء كما أنه ليس منحصرا في جهة الكعبة , بل ذلك لأن السماء قبلة الداعين , كما أن الكعبة قبلة المصلين , أو هي من عبدة الأوثان العابدين للأوثان التي بين أيديهم , فلما قالت : في السماء , علم أنها موحدة وليست عابدة للأوثان.
Translation: This is one of the "hadiths of attributes" and there are two positions about it as it was mentioned in the book of faith, First: is to have faith in it "Without discussing its meaning, while believing of Allah Most High that "there is nothing whatsoever like unto Him"and that He is exalted above having any of the attributes of His creatures. ''The second is to FIGURATIVELY EXPLAIN IT" in a fitting way, scholars who hold this position adduce that the point of the hadith was to ''test the slave girl : Was she a monotheist"who affirmed that the Creator, the Disposer, the Doer, is Allah alone and that He is the one called upon when a person making supplication (du'a) faces the sky--just as those performing the prayer (salat) face the Kaaba, since the sky is the qibla of those who supplicate, as the Kaaba is the qibla of those who perform the prayer. or was she a worshipper of the idols which they placed in front of themselves? So when she said, In the sky, it was plain that she was not an idol worshipper(Sahih Muslim bi Sharh al-Nawawi, Volume No.5, Page Nos. 19-20, Published by Dar ul Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon)
Imam Nawawi (rah) continues and gives conclusive answer over this issue, he quotes Imam Qadhi Iyad (rah) [Also Quoted by Imam Jalal ud din Suyuti rah in his Sharh of Sunnan Nasa'i]
Translation: This is one of the "hadiths of attributes" and there are two positions about it as it was mentioned in the book of faith, First: is to have faith in it "Without discussing its meaning, while believing of Allah Most High that "there is nothing whatsoever like unto Him"and that He is exalted above having any of the attributes of His creatures. ''The second is to FIGURATIVELY EXPLAIN IT" in a fitting way, scholars who hold this position adduce that the point of the hadith was to ''test the slave girl : Was she a monotheist"who affirmed that the Creator, the Disposer, the Doer, is Allah alone and that He is the one called upon when a person making supplication (du'a) faces the sky--just as those performing the prayer (salat) face the Kaaba, since the sky is the qibla of those who supplicate, as the Kaaba is the qibla of those who perform the prayer. or was she a worshipper of the idols which they placed in front of themselves? So when she said, In the sky, it was plain that she was not an idol worshipper(Sahih Muslim bi Sharh al-Nawawi, Volume No.5, Page Nos. 19-20, Published by Dar ul Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon)
Imam Nawawi (rah) continues and gives conclusive answer over this issue, he quotes Imam Qadhi Iyad (rah) [Also Quoted by Imam Jalal ud din Suyuti rah in his Sharh of Sunnan Nasa'i]
قال القاضي عياض : لا خلاف بين المسلمين قاطبة فقيههم ومحدثهم ومتكلمهم ونظارهم ومقلدهم أن الظواهر الواردة بذكر الله تعالى في السماء كقوله تعالى : { أأمنتم من في السماء أن يخسف بكم الأرض } ونحوه ليست على ظاهرها , بل متأولة عند جميعهم
Qadhi Iyaad (rah) said: There is no disagreement amongst Muslims whether between Fuqaha, or hadith scholars, the theologians, polemicists and ordinary Muslims who do taqlid, they all say that outward meaning of texts such as Allah is in the sky is not meant, for example the words of the Exalted: “Are you assured that He who is in the sky will not cause the earth to swallow you up?"THESE AND SIMILAR TEXTS CANNOT BE TAKEN LITERALLY, RATHER THEY ARE TO BE EXPLAINED WITH INTERPRETATION (I.E. TAWEEL) [ibid]
The same great Imam also says in his ''Majmu' sharh al Muhadhab''
The most well-known of the school of the theologians (mutakallimin) say that the divine attributes are interpreted figuratively according to what befits them.(Volume No. 1, Page No. 25)
Note: This is the same great Imam who is author of Kitaab al Adhkar which has been grossly tampered by salafis, I wonder which Islamic text have they spared.
The great Hanafi Imam, Mullah Ali Qari (rah) says in his magnificent Mirqaat Sharh al Mishqaat:
فقال لها أي للجارية رسول الله أين الله وفي رواية أين ربك أي أين مكان حكمه وأمره وظهور ملكه وقدرته فقالت في السماء قال القاضي هو على معنى الذي جاء أمره ونهيه من قبل السماء لم يرد به السؤال عن المكان فإنه منزه عنه كما هو منزه عن الزمان بل مراده من سؤاله إياها أن يعلم أنها موحدة أو مشركة لأن كفار العرب كانوا يعبدون الأصنام وكان لكل قوم منهم صنم مخصوص يكون فيما بينهم يعبدونه ويعظمونه ولعل سفهاءهم وجهلتهم كانوا لا يعرفون معبودا غيره فأراد أن يتعرف أنها ما تعبد فلما قالت في السماء وفي رواية أشارت إلى السماء فهم أنها موحدة يريد بذلك نفي الآلهة الأرضية التي هي الأصنام لا إثبات السماء مكانا له تعالى الله عما يقول الظالمون علوا كبيرا ولأنه لما كان مأمورا بأن يكلم الناس على قدر عقولهم ويهديهم إلى الحق على حسب فهمهم ووجدها تعتقد أن المستحق للعبودية إله يدبر الأمر من السماء إلى الأرض لا الآلهة التي يعبدها المشركون قنع منها بذلك ولم يكلفها اعتقاد ما هو صرف التوحيد وحقيقة التنزيه وقيل معناه أن أمره ونهيه ورحمته ووحيه جاءت من السماء فهو كقوله تعالى أأمنتم من في السماء تبارك قيل وقد جاء في بعض الأحاديث أن هذه الجارية كانت خرساء ولهذا جوز الشافعي الأخرس في العتق فقوله فقالت في السماء بمعنى أشارت إلى السماء كما في رواية قال شارح الوقاية وجاز الأصم أي من يكون في أذنه وقرأ أما من لم يسمع أصلا فينبغي أن لا يجوز لأنه فائت جنس المنفعة فقال من أنا فقالت أنت رسول الله فقال رسول الله أعتقها أمر إجازة رواه مالك وفي رواية مسلم قال أي معاوية كانت لي جارية ترعى غنما قبل أحد بكسر القاف وفتح الباء أي جانبه وأحد بضمتين جبل معروف في المدينة والجوانية بتشديد الواو وموضع قريب أحد فأطلعت بتشديد الطاء أي أشرفت على الغنم ذات يوم أي يوما من الأيام أو نهارا وذات زائدة فإذا الذئب قد ذهب بشاة من غنمنا إذا للمفاجأة واللام في الذئب للعهدية الذهنية نحو قوله تعالى إذ هما في الغار التوبة وأنا رجل من بني آدم آسف بهمزة ممدودة وفتح سين أي أغضب كما يأسفون لكن أي وأردت أن أضربها ضربا شديدا على ما هو مقتضى الغضب لكن صككتها صكة أي لطمتها لطمة فأتيت رسول الله فعظم بالتشديد والفتح ذلك على أي كبر النبي ذلك الأمر أو الضرب علي وفي نسخة بالتخفيف والضم قلت وفي نسخة فقلت يا رسول الله أفلا أعتقها قال الطيبي رحمه الله فإن قلت كيف التوفيق بين الروايتين قلت الرواية الأولى متضم
من هذه اللطمة إعتاقها أفيكفيني إعتاقها للأمرين جميعا والرواية الثانية مطلقة تحتمل الأمرين والمطلق محمول على المقيد ومما يدل على أن السؤال ليس عن مجرد اللطمة سؤال النبي الجارية عن إيمانها ا ه والظاهر أن الإعتاق عن اللطمة مستحب فيندرج في ضمن الإعتاق الواجب فليس من باب تداخل الكفارة كما توهم قال آتيني بها الباء للتعدية أي احضر بها إلي فأتيته بها فقال لها أين الله أي أين المعبود المستحق الموصوف بصفات الكمال قالت في السماء أي كما في الأرض والإقتصار من باب الإكتفاء قال تعالى جل جلاله وهو الذي في السماء إله وفي الأرض إله الزخرف وقال الله عز وجل وهو الله في السموات وفي الأرض الأنعام ويمكن أن يكون الاقتصار لدفع توهم الشركة في العبودية ردا على عبدة الأصنام الأرضية قال من أنا قالت أنت رسول الله قال اعتقها فإنها مؤمنة أي بالله وبرسوله وبما جاء من عندهما وهذا يدل على قبول الإيمان الإجمالي ونفي التكليف الإستدلالي باب اللعان في المغرب لعنه لعنا ولاعنه ملاعنة ولعانا وتلاعنوا لعن بعضهم بعضا وأصله الطرد قال النووي رحمه الله إنما سمى لعانا لأن كلا من الزوجين يبعد عن صاحبه ويحرم النكاح بينهما على التأبيد واللعان عند جمهور أصحابنا يمين وقيل شهادة وقيل يمين فيها شوب شهادة وينبغي أن يكون بحضرة الإمام أو القاضي جمع من المسلمين وهو أحد أنواع التغليظ فإنه يغلظ بالزمان والمكان والجمع قال المحقق ابن الهمام هو مصدر لاعن سماعي لا قياسي والقياس الملاعنة وكثيرا من النحاة يجعلون الفعال والمفاعلة مصدرين قياسيين لفاعل واللعن في اللغة الطرد والإبعاد وفي الفقه اسم يجري بين الزوجين من الشهادات بالألفاظ المعلومات سمى بذلك لوجود لفظ اللعن في الخامسة تسمية للكل باسم الجزء ولم يسم باسم من الغضب وهو أيضا موجود فيها لأنه في كلامها وذاك في كلامه وهو أسبق والسبق من أسباب الترجيح وشرطه قيام النكاح وسببه قذفه زوجته بما يوجب الحد في الأجنبية وحكمه حرمتها بعد التلاعن وأهله من كان أهلا للشهادة فإن اللعان شهادات مؤكدات بالإيمان عندنا وأما عند الشافعي فأيمان مؤكدات بالشهادات وهو الظاهر من قول مالك وأحمد وتمام تحقيقه في شرحه للهداية
Translation: In another version of the same Ḥadīth there is the wording: “Where is your Lord?” It means that where is His place of decision, and His order, and the place where His dominion and power are manifested. {She said: “In the sky”} Imam al-Qadi [‘Iyad] said: “The meaning is that His command and His prohibition comes from the direction of the sky. The Prophet [sallallahu alayhi wa sallam] did not mean to ask her about the whereabouts of Allāh, since He transcends such an attribute as place, just as He transcends the attribute of time. Rather, the Prophet [sallallahu alayhi wa sallam] intended to find out by his question to her whether she was a monotheist declaring the uniqueness of Allah (muwahhidah), or whether she was a polytheist (mushrikah) because the Arabs were worshipping idols. Each clan amongst them had its special idol, which it worshipped and revered. Perhaps some of their ignorant and stupid people did not recognize any god whatsoever; therefore, the Prophet [sallallahu alayhi wa sallam] wanted to ascertain what she worshipped. So when she said “in the sky,” or, as in another version, she pointed to the sky, he [sallallahu alayhi wa sallam] understood that she was a monotheist declaring the uniqueness of Allāh. In other words , he wanted to preclude the gods on earth; that is, the idols. He did not mean to imply that He occupies a place in the sky, far-removed is Allāh from what the transgressors ascribe to Him in their insolence. Moreover, the Prophet [sallallahu alayhi wa sallam] had been ordered to speak to the people according to the extent of their intelligence, and to guide them to the truth in way which was appropriate to their understanding.
So when the Prophet [sallallahu alayhi wa sallam] found that she believed that the one who deserves to be worshipped is the God who implements His purpose from the sky to the earth, not the gods which the pagans worshipped, he was satisfied with that much from her, and he [sallallahu alayhi wa sallam] did not charge her with sheer unity (Sirf al-tauḤīd )–the principle of transcendence (Ḥaqīqat al-tanzīh) Some [of the ulamā’] have said that the meaning is that His order and prohibition, His mercy and revelation comes from the sky. In that case, this hadīth is similar [in its implications] to His (Allah's) word: “Do you feel secure from Him who is in the sky…?” Furthermore, in some other [authentic] versions of this Ḥadīth it comes that this girl was dumb, and for that reason [Imām] al-Shafi‘ī [d. 204 / 820; Cairo] permitted the freeing of a slave even if he is dumb. In such case, the words in the Ḥadīth “She said, ‘In the sky.’” mean that she pointed to the sky [since she could not speak, obviously; and this is just what has come expressly in another version of the Ḥadīth: “She pointed to the sky.”] [Mullah Ali Qari in Mirqat Sharh al Mishqaat, Volume No. 6, Page nos. 452-453, Published by Dar ul Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon]
Now let's turn towards the Second fundamental proof which Literalists use to justify their anthropomorphism and fool innocent Muslims in believing that Allah is an entity which literally comes down to lowest heaven in the last part of night (Naudhobillah), the hadith which they cite is this
Now let's turn towards the Second fundamental proof which Literalists use to justify their anthropomorphism and fool innocent Muslims in believing that Allah is an entity which literally comes down to lowest heaven in the last part of night (Naudhobillah), the hadith which they cite is this
3) The Hadith of Descent
Book 004, Number 1656: (Sahih Muslim)
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Our Lord, the Blessed and the Exalted, descends every night to the lowest heaven when one-third of the latter part of the night is left, and says: Who supplicates Me so that I may answer him? Who asks Me so that I may give to him? Who asks Me forgiveness so that I may forgive him?
Before Sharh of this hadith is given, one has to understand that Allah is closest to believers not only in the last part of night but everytime! However He has stressed upon being very close at last part of the night so that Muslims strive to do more Ibadah and wake up for Him. Similar metaphorical example is also given in a sahih hadith al Qudsi that If we walk towards Him, He runs towards us! This however does not mean that Allah is actually/literally running towards us.
Let us see the belief of great Hadith Master Imam al-Bayhaqi (rah) and what he had to say about such hadiths.
أخبرنا ابو زكريا بن أبي إسحاق أنا احمد بن سلمان الفقيه نا محمد بن مسلمة نا يزيد بن هارون أنا الحجاج عن يحيى بن أبي كثير عن عروة . «عن عائشة قالت فقدت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ذات ليلة فخرجت أطلبه فإذا هو بالبقيع رافعا رأسه إلى السماء فقال يا عائشة أكنت تخافين ان يحيف الله عليك ورسوله قالت قلت وما بي من ذلك ولكنني ظننت أنك أتيت بعض نسائك فقال إن الله عز وجل ينزل ليلة النصف من شعبان إلى السماء الدنيا فيغفر لأكثر من عدد غنم كلب». قال أحمد وهذا النزول المراد به والله أعلم فعلا سماه الرسول عليه السلام نزولا بلا انتقال ولا زوال او أراد به نزول ملك من ملائكته بأمره وقد ذكرناه في غير هذا الموضع مفسرا .
Regarding descent of Allah in night of Nisf Sha’ban, Imam al-bayhaqi (rah) quotes
Regarding descent of Allah in night of Nisf Sha’ban, Imam al-bayhaqi (rah) quotes
Translation: ...Imam Ahmed (rah) said: The Nazul, the meaning of this “ALLAH KNOWS” The Prophet (Peace be upon him) mentioned it as an “ACT (NOT ESSENCE OF ALLAH HIMSELF)” and this descent is “WITHOUT MOVING FROM ONCE PLACE TO ANOTHER AND WITHOUT ZAWAAL” or the Prophet meant by this that “ANGEL FROM ANGELS DESCENDS WITH AN ORDER”we have mentioned it in detail at other place
[Imam al-Bayhaqi in Shu’ab ul Imaan Hadith # 3826]
Mullah Ali Qari (rah) said of this hadith:
You know that Imam Malik and al-Awazai, who are among the greatest of the early Muslims, both gave detailed figurative interpretations to the hadith, Another of them was Jafar al-Sadiq. Indeed a whole group of them [the early Muslims], as well as later scholars, said that whoever believes Allah to be in a particular physical direction is an unbeliever, as al-Iraqi has explicitly stated, saying that this was the position of Abu Hanifa, Malik, al-Shafi'i, al-Ashari, and al- Baqillani (Mirqat al-mafatih: sharh Mishkat al-masabih. 5 vols. Cairo 1309/1892. Reprint. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, n.d., 2.137)
In Sharh of this hadith Imam Nawawi (rah) also quotes Imam Malik (rah) and Awazai (rah) the great Imams of our Islaaf who proved that such hadiths should be ''figuratively'' interpreted. Imam Nawawi (rah) said:
تأويل مالك بن أنس وغيره معناه تنزل رحمته وأمره وملائكته، كما قال: فعل السلطان: كذا إذا فعله أتباعه بأمره. والثاني: أنه على إِلاستعارة ومعناه الإقبال على الداعين بالإجابة واللطف والله أعلم
Translation: Imam Malik bin Anas (rah) and others (including Imam Awzai) interpreted it by saying : ["your Lord descends"] means "His mercy, command, and angels descend," just as it is said, "The sultan did such-and-such," when his followers did it at his command.( تنزل رحمته وأمره وملائكته كما يقال : فعل السلطان كذا إذا فعله أتباعه بأمره) The second is that it is a ''METAPHOR (الاستعارة )" signifying [Allah's] concern for those making supplication, by answering them and kindness toward them (Sahih Muslim bi Sharh al-Nawawi, Volume No. 6, Page No.31, Published by Dar ul Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon).
No acceptance by Imam Nawawi that Allah literally comes down (Naudhobillah) to the lowest heaven as falsely asserted by salafis.
To read more on hadiths in regards to "Descent" this following article by Shaykh, Dr. Gibril.F.Haddad is a must: http://www.sunnah.org/aqida/haddad/Allah%27s%20Descent1.htm
Imam Ibn Hajr al Asqalani (rah) says in his Fath al Bari
قوله : ( ينزل ربنا إلى السماء الدنيا )
استدل به من أثبت الجهة وقال : هي جهة العلو , وأنكر ذلك الجمهور لأن القول بذلك يفضي إلى التحيز تعالى الله عن ذلك .
Translation: Those who ''assert direction'' for Allah have used this hadith as proof that He is in the direction of above-ness(uluww). The vast majority of the scholars reject this, because saying such leads to establishing boundaries for Him and Allah is exalted above that.[Fath ul Bari Sharh Sahih ul Bukhari, Volume No.3, Page No. 338 - Dar ul Fikr]
Ibn Baz the famous Salafi scholar gave a weird explanation to Imam Ibn Hajr’s quote by saying:
ذلك الجمهور قال العلامة بن باز حفظه الله مراده بالجمهور أهل الكلام وأما أهل السنة وهم الصحابة رضي الله عنهم ومن تبعهم بإحسان فإنهم يثبتون لله الجهة وهي جهة العلو ويؤمنون بأنه سبحانه فوق العرش بلا
تمثيلولاتكييف والأدلة على ذلك من الكتاب والسنة أكثر من أن تحصر فتنبه واحذر والله أعلم
Translation: Ibn Baz says: What he means by "the vast majority of the scholars" is the vast majority of the scholars of kalam. As for Ahl al-Sunna -- and these are the Companions and those who followed them in excellence – they assert a direction for Allah, and that is the direction of elevation, believing that the Exalted is above the Throne without giving an example and without entering into modality. The proofs from the Qur'an and the Sunna for this are innumerable, so take heed and beware. And Allah knows best. [Fath ul Bari with forgeries added by Bin Baaz, Published by Maktaba al Asriyyah, Beirut, Lebanon]
Audhobillah min Dhalik, However let's see forward in the same passage what Imam Ibn Hajr has actually said and who he has quoted to conclude this issue, he has given detailed figurative explanation in light of other ahadith that it refers to Allah “Sending down (yunzilu) mercy and angel rather than He descending himself (yanzilu) and nowhere has he said that Ahlus Sunnah, companions and Islaaf pointed direction towards Allah.
Imam Ibn Hajr writes:
فمنهم من حمله على ظاهره وحقيقته وهم المشبهة تعالى الله عن قولهم
فمنهم من حمله على ظاهره وحقيقته وهم المشبهة تعالى الله عن قولهم
Translation: Some say that the ''Literal meaning is meant in true sense'': these are the Mushabbiha (Those who resemble Allah to a body) and Allah is exalted above what they say.
Then he also wrote:
ومنهم من أجراه على ما ورد مؤمنا به على طريق الإجمال منزها الله تعالى عن الكيفية والتشبيه وهم جمهور السلف , ونقله البيهقي وغيره عن الأئمة الأربعة والسفيانين والحمادين والأوزاعي والليث وغيرهم
Translation: Some have taken them as they have come, believing in them without specificity, declaring Allah to be transcendent above modality(kayfiyya) and likeness to creation (tashbih): these are the vast majority of the Salaf. That position is reported by Bayhaqi and others from the Four Imams, Sufyan ibn `Uyayna, Sufyan al-Thawri, Hammad ibn Salama, Hammad ibn Zayd, al-Awza`i, al-Layth, and others.
Ibn Hajr al Asqalani (rah) continues
وقال ابن العربي : حكي عن المبتدعة رد هذه الأحاديث , وعن السلف إمرارها , وعن قوم تأويلها وبه أقول . فأما قوله ينزل فهو راجع إلى أفعاله لا إلى ذاته , بل ذلك عبارة عن ملكه الذي ينزل بأمره ونهيه , والنزول كما يكون في الأجسام يكون في المعاني , فإن حملته في الحديث على الحسي فتلك صفة الملك المبعوث بذلك , وإن حملته على المعنوي بمعنى أنه لم يفعل ثم فعل فيسمى ذلك نزولا عن مرتبة إلى مرتبة , فهي عربية صحيحة انتهى . والحاصل أنه تأوله بوجهين : إما بأن المعنى ينزل أمره أو الملك بأمره , وإما بأنه استعارة بمعنى التلطف بالداعين والإجابة لهم ونحوه
وقال ابن العربي : حكي عن المبتدعة رد هذه الأحاديث , وعن السلف إمرارها , وعن قوم تأويلها وبه أقول . فأما قوله ينزل فهو راجع إلى أفعاله لا إلى ذاته , بل ذلك عبارة عن ملكه الذي ينزل بأمره ونهيه , والنزول كما يكون في الأجسام يكون في المعاني , فإن حملته في الحديث على الحسي فتلك صفة الملك المبعوث بذلك , وإن حملته على المعنوي بمعنى أنه لم يفعل ثم فعل فيسمى ذلك نزولا عن مرتبة إلى مرتبة , فهي عربية صحيحة انتهى . والحاصل أنه تأوله بوجهين : إما بأن المعنى ينزل أمره أو الملك بأمره , وإما بأنه استعارة بمعنى التلطف بالداعين والإجابة لهم ونحوه
Translation: Imam(Abu Bakr) Ibn al-`Arabi(rah) said: "It is reported that the innovators have rejected these hadiths, the Salaf let them pass as they came, and others interpreted them, and my position is the last one. The saying: "He descends" refers to His acts not His essence, indeed it is an expression for His angels who descend with His command and His prohibition. And just as descent can concern bodies, it can also concern ideas or spiritual notions (ma`ani). If one takes the hadith to refer to a physical occurrence, then descent would be the attribute of the angel sent to carry out an order. If one takes it to refer to a spiritual occurrence, that is, first He did not act, then He acted: this would be called a descent from one rank to another, and this is a sound Arabic meaning." In sum it is interpreted in two ways: the first is: His command or His angel descends; the second is: it is a metaphor for His regard for supplicants, His answering them, and so forth.
وقد حكى أبو بكر بن فورك أن بعض المشايخ ضبطه بضم أوله على حذف المفعول أي ينزل ملكا , ويقويه ما رواه النسائي من طريق الأغر عن أبي هريرة وأبي سعيد بلفظ " إن الله يمهل حتى يمضي شطر الليل , ثم يأمر مناديا يقول : هل من داع فيستجاب له " الحديث . وفي حديث عثمان بن أبي العاص " ينادي مناد هل من داع يستجاب له " الحديث . قال القرطبي : وبهذا يرتفع الإشكال , ولا يعكر عليه ما في رواية رفاعة الجهني " ينزل الله إلى السماء الدنيا فيقول : لا أسأل عن عبادي غيري " لأنه ليس في ذلك ما يدفع التأويل المذكور
Translation: Abu Bakr ibn Furak said: Some of the masters have read it yunzilu (He sends down) instead of yanzilu (He descends), that is: He sends down an angel. This is strengthened by Nisa'i's narration through al-Aghurr from Abu Hurayra and Abu Sa`id al-Khudri: "Allah waits until the first part of the night is over, then He orders a herald to say: Is there anyone supplicating so that he may be answered?..."There is also the hadith of `Uthman ibn Abi al-`As: "The gates of heaven are opened (in the middle) of the night and a herald calls out: Is there anyone supplicating so that he may be answered?..." Al-Qurtubi said: "This clears all ambiguity, and there is no interference by the narration of Rufa`at al-Jahni whereby "Allah descends to the nearest heaven and says: No-one other than I asks about My servants" for there is nothing in this which precludes the above-mentioned interpretation. [Fath ul Bari, 3:339 - Dar ul Fikr]
وقال البيضاوي : ولما ثبت بالقواطع أنه سبحانه منزه عن الجسمية والتحيز امتنع عليه النزول على معنى الانتقال من موضع إلى موضع أخفض منه , فالمراد نور رحمته , أي ينتقل من مقتضى صفة الجلال التي تقتضي الغضب والانتقام إلى مقتضى صفة الإكرام التي تقتضي الرأفة والرحمة
Translation: Al-Baydawi said:"Since it is established with decisive proofs that the Exalted is transcendent above having a body or being circumscribed by boundaries, it is forbidden to attribute to Him descent in the sense of displacement from one place to another place lower than it. What is meant is the light of His mercy: that is, He moves from what is pursuant to the attribute of Majesty entailing wrath and punishment, to what is pursuant to the attribute of Generosity entailing kindness and mercy.""[ibid]
Imam Ibn Hajr al Asqalani (rah) also states in his Fath al Bari that:
قال ابن المنير : جميع الأحاديث في هذه الترجمة مطابقة لها إلا حديث ابن عباس فليس فيه إلا قوله " رب العرش " ومطابقته والله أعلم من جهة أنه نبه على بطلان قول من أثبت الجهة أخذا من قوله ( ذي المعارج ) ففهم أن العلو الفوقي مضاف إلى الله تعالى , فبين المصنف أن الجهة التي يصدق عليها أنها سماء والجهة التي يصدق عليها أنها عرش كل منهما مخلوق مربوب محدث , وقد كان الله قبل ذلك وغيره , فحدثت هذه الأمكنة , وقدمه يحيل وصفه بالتحيز فيها والله أعلم
Imam Ibn Hajr al Asqalani (rah) also states in his Fath al Bari that:
قال ابن المنير : جميع الأحاديث في هذه الترجمة مطابقة لها إلا حديث ابن عباس فليس فيه إلا قوله " رب العرش " ومطابقته والله أعلم من جهة أنه نبه على بطلان قول من أثبت الجهة أخذا من قوله ( ذي المعارج ) ففهم أن العلو الفوقي مضاف إلى الله تعالى , فبين المصنف أن الجهة التي يصدق عليها أنها سماء والجهة التي يصدق عليها أنها عرش كل منهما مخلوق مربوب محدث , وقد كان الله قبل ذلك وغيره , فحدثت هذه الأمكنة , وقدمه يحيل وصفه بالتحيز فيها والله أعلم
Translation: And by including the hadith of Ibn `Abbas containing the words: "Lord of the mighty Throne" into this chapter, Bukhari warned those that might predicate spatial elevation to Allah (`uluw fawqi) that both the direction in which the heaven is believed to be and that in which the Throne is believed to be are created, lorded over, and brought into existence by Allah Who existed before all that and before everything else. Thus these places were created, and his existence, being eternal without beginning, precludes reference to him as being bounded by them. And Allah knows best.
Imam Ibn Hajr al Asqalani (rah) explains in his Fath al Bari again
وقيل مناسبة التسبيح في الأماكن المنخفضة من جهة أن التسبيح هو التنزيه فناسب تنزيه الله عن صفات الانخفاض كما ناسب تكبيره عند الأماكن المرتفعة , ولا يلزم من كون جهتي العلو والسفل محال على الله أن لا يوصف بالعلو لأن وصفه بالعلو من جهة المعنى والمستحيل كون ذلك من جهة الحس
وقيل مناسبة التسبيح في الأماكن المنخفضة من جهة أن التسبيح هو التنزيه فناسب تنزيه الله عن صفات الانخفاض كما ناسب تكبيره عند الأماكن المرتفعة , ولا يلزم من كون جهتي العلو والسفل محال على الله أن لا يوصف بالعلو لأن وصفه بالعلو من جهة المعنى والمستحيل كون ذلك من جهة الحس
Translation: The reality that the two directions of "above" and "below" are impossible for Allah but it does not mean that he cannot be described with the attribute of elevation (`uluw), for such description is only to denote highness, not that of sensory perception (Ibn Hajar, Fath al-bari 6:240 - Kitab ul Jihad, Published by Dar ul Fikr)
4) The Book over the throne
Volume 9, Book 93, Number 643: (Sahih Bukhari)
Narrated Abu Huraira:
I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "Before Allah created the creations, He wrote a Book (wherein He has written): My Mercy has preceded my Anger." and that (Book) is written with Him over the Throne."
First of all ''With him'' refers to position of rank and definitely not location, because locations can never apply to him, if directed towards him then it contradicts the clear message in Surat al Ikhlaas and verses like "there is nothing whatsoever like unto Him" (Qur'an 42:11)
Volume 9, Book 93, Number 643: (Sahih Bukhari)
Narrated Abu Huraira:
I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "Before Allah created the creations, He wrote a Book (wherein He has written): My Mercy has preceded my Anger." and that (Book) is written with Him over the Throne."
First of all ''With him'' refers to position of rank and definitely not location, because locations can never apply to him, if directed towards him then it contradicts the clear message in Surat al Ikhlaas and verses like "there is nothing whatsoever like unto Him" (Qur'an 42:11)
Imam Ibn Hajr al-Asqalani (rah) explains in his Fath al Bari
إذا حملوه , وإن كان حامل العرش وحامل حملته هو الله , وليس قولنا إن الله على العرش أي مماس له أو متمكن فيه أو متحيز في جهة من جهاته بل هو خبر جاء به التوقيف , فقلنا له به ونفينا عنه التكييف إذ ليس كمثله شيء وبالله التوفيق . وقوله " فوق عرشه " صفة الكتاب , وقيل إن فوق هنا بمعنى دون , كما جاء في قوله تعالى ( بعوضة فما فوقها ) وهو بعيد , وقال ابن أبي جمرة يؤخذ من كون الكتاب المذكور فوق العرش أن الحكمة اقتضت أن يكون العرش حاملا لما شاء الله من أثر حكمة الله وقدرته وغامض غيبه ليستأثر هو بذلك من طريق العلم والإحاطة , فيكون من أكبر الأدلة على انفراده بعلم الغيب , قال : وقد يكون ذلك تفسيرا لقوله ( الرحمن على العرش استوى ) أي ما شاءه من قدرته وهو كتابه الذي وضعه فوق العرش
Translation: When we say: "Allah is above the Throne" (Allah `ala al-`arsh), it does not mean that He is touching it or that He is located on it or bounded by a certain side of the Throne. Rather, it is a report which is transmitted as is, and so we repeat it while at the same time negating any modality for there is nothing like Him whatsoever, and from Him is all success. As for "over His throne" (in the hadith) it refers to the Book. Some have taken it in the sense of "upwards from His Throne," as in Allah's saying: "a gnat, or anything above it" (2:26), but this is far-fetched. Ibn Abu Jamra (d. 695) said: "It may be said from the fact that the Book is mentioned as being "above the Throne" that the divine wisdom has decreed for the Throne to carry whatever Allah wishes of the record of His judgment, power, and the absolute unseen known of Him alone, so as to signify the exclusivity of His encompassing knowledge regarding these matters, making the Throne one of the greatest signs of the exclusivity of His knowledge of the Unseen. This could explain the verse al-rahmanu `al al-`arshi istawa as referring to whatever Allah wills of His power, which is the Book He has placed above His Throne." [Fath ul Bari, 15:371 - Dar ul Fikr]
Now these were the proofs in light of leading Commentators of Bukhari and Muslim (i.e. Imam Ibn Hajr al Asqalani - Rahimuhullah and Imam Nawawi - Rahimuhullah), plus the greatest Seerah Author i.e. Imam Qadhi Iyaad (rah), The expert in theology/hadith i.e. Imam Abu Bakr Ibn Arabi (rah) and many others!
Now these were the proofs in light of leading Commentators of Bukhari and Muslim (i.e. Imam Ibn Hajr al Asqalani - Rahimuhullah and Imam Nawawi - Rahimuhullah), plus the greatest Seerah Author i.e. Imam Qadhi Iyaad (rah), The expert in theology/hadith i.e. Imam Abu Bakr Ibn Arabi (rah) and many others!
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We would like to conclude with the explanation of Imam Bukhari (Rahimuhullah) himself on "WAJH (FACE)" of Allah, according to Salafis all such attributes are to be taken literally and giving Taweel on any of them makes the person as Jahimi, now let us see if Salafis are true to their words.
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28 ـ سورة الْقَصَصِ
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{كُلُّ شَىْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلاَّ وَجْهَهُ} إِلاَّ مُلْكَهُ، وَيُقَالُ إِلاَّ مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ {الأَنْبَاءُ} الْحُجَجُ.
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Imam Bukhari (rah) interpreted “Wajh (Face)” as "DOMINION OF ALLAH"[Sahih Bukhari, Kitab at-Tafseer]
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So we ask Salafis whether Imam Bukhari (rah) was a Jahimi/Bidati? And remember we have not diverted from topic because Salafis put all attributes of Allah in the same category and take them all literally, refutation of Salafis on false interpretation of one attribute is refutation of whole Salafi sect.
Literalism is a Fitnah which had to be confronted and these Imams did a perfect job.
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